Uhlalutyo olunzulu lwePolytetraflika

I-Polytetraflofloroothyyyyyyyyyyyyyyeyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyeyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyynyaene), isigama sesiNgesi sasePtFe, esihlala saziwa njengoKumkani weplastiki ", igama lophawu yi-teflon. E China, ngenxa yendlela yokubiza amagama, i-teflon "ibizwa ngokuba yiTflon, Teflon Dragon, neTflon, neTflon, noTflon, njl njl.

I-Polytetrafliororororoothyyyyyeyyyyeyyyeyyyeyyyyeyyyyyeyyyyeyycutyyyyeyyyyeyyyyeyycutyyyyeyyyey is 'inkosi yePlatiki. " I-Roy Plungoket, utata kaFluororesin, waqalisa ukuphanda kwindawo yeFloon kwi-DUPONTE e-United States ngo-1936 ivule uxinzelelo lwevalve encitshisiweyo yesilinda ngosuku olulandelayo, akukho sanda irhasi. Babecinga ukuba yayikukuvuza kwegesi, kodwa xa babekrinta i-cylinder, bafumanisa ukuba isilinda sasingalahleki ubunzima. Bazibonile bavula isilinda kwaye bafumana isixa esikhulu somgubo omhlophe, owayengu-polytetrafloothl.

Uphando lwabo lwafumanisa ukuba i-polytetrafliothylene ineepropathi ezibalaseleyo kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwi-anti-golt yokutywina kweebhombu zeatom, njl njl. Kwakungekho kude kuphele iMfazwe Yehlabathi II yokuba yayixelwa, yaye imveliso yemveliso ye-PTUF ifezekisiwe ngo-1946.

1. Igama lemveliso: ptfe

2. Igama lesiNgesi: Polytetrafluororoothl

3. Alias

Ptfe; I-TFLO; I-TFLO; I-TFLO; I-TFLO; F4; Kumkani wePlatics; I-TFNLO (iJapan) [Isishwankathelo sesiNgesi

I-PTFE, igama lophawu yiTFFlon, kwaye inguqulelo yesiTshayina yahlukile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo: IChina yaseTshayina iLiguqula njenge TFFLon, i-Hong Kong ithathe i-teflon, kunye neTaiwan]

4. Ifomula yeMolecila:

[Cf2cf2] n

5. Indlela yemveliso

Ptfe

Iveliswe yi-ralymerication ye-ralymerication ye-tetrafluorororororororororororororororororoothyncyyyylene. Impendulo ye-polymerization ye-polymerizazazation yenziwa ngokuvuselela ubukho besixa esikhulu samanzi ukusasaza ubushushu bendlela yokuphendula kunye nokwenza lula ulawulo lobushushu. I-Polymerizazation iqhutywa ngokubanzi nge-40 ukuya kwi-80 ° C kunye noxinzelelo lwe-3 ukuya kwi-26 kgf / cm2. Ukuphangiswa kwe-inrganic kunye neperoxides ye-organic kunokusetyenziswa njengababhalisi, okanye inkqubo yokuqalisa i-Revox inokusetyenziswa. Imole nganye ye-tetrafluororootheene ikhupha ubushushu be-171.38KJ ngexesha lePolymerization. Ukusasazwa kwePolylization kufuna ukongezwa kwe-surfluacin ye-perfluorince, njenge-perfluocrooccaic acid okanye iityuwa zayo.

6. Isicelo

Polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE, F4] is one of the materials with the best corrosion resistance in the world today, so it is known as the "King of Plastics". Inokusetyenziswa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lweendaba zekhemikhali ixesha elide, kwaye imveliso yawo isombulule iingxaki ezininzi kwishishini lam lemichiza, ipetroleum, amayeza kunye namanye amasimi. Itywina le-ptfere, i-gallbet, kunye neegesi. Itywina le-PTFRE, i-gallbet, kunye ne-gasbet zibunjwe ngenxa yokumiswa kwe-Polymer Pelymer Petfer Pelin. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiplasitiki, i-PTFE inomchasi obalaseleyo kunye nokunganyangeki kobushushu. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njengezinto zokutywina kunye nezinto zokugcwalisa. Inomgangatho ophezulu wokuzinza kwemichiza kunye nokuxhathisa ngokugculela iikhemikhali, njengokuxhathisa ii-AIDs ezinamandla, iAlkali eyomeleleyo, eqinile, njl njl. Uluhlu lobushushu lwexesha elide luyi--200- + 250 ℃. Inobushushu obugqwesileyo kwaye ayichaphazeleki kubushushu kunye nokuhamba rhoqo. Ukongeza, ineempawu ezingekhoyo ngaphandle kwentonga, engafakwanga kwaye ingavutha. Ukumiswa i-resin ngokubanzi kusenziwa kwaye kuqhubekeka ngokubumba kunye nokutya. Iintonga ezikhuthazayo, iipleyiti okanye ezinye iiprofayili zinokulungiswa ngakumbi ngeendlela zoomatshini ezifana nokujika, zokumba, kunye nokugaya. Ibar emva koko iguqulwe kwaye itsalwe kwifilimu egxile kwifilimu.

7. Iimpawu zePolytetraflioroothyyyyey (Ptfe) Impawu

1. Amandla (amandla aphezulu-ukuya kwinqanaba lobunzima)

2. I-Intert

3. Ukulungelelaniswa kwebhayoloji

4. Ukuxhathisa okuphezulu

5. Ukuchasana nokukhululeka kweekhemikhali kwiindawo ezinobunzima

6. Ukuvutha okuphantsi

7. I-CRANT ephantsi

8. Isidlo esisezantsi

9. Ukuthathwa kwamanzi asezantsi

10. Imozulu yeMozulu

I-ptfe yi-polymer yeTetrafluorororoothyncyyyyyyychoyyyyeon. Isishwankathelo sesiNgesi siPtfe. Igama lorhwebo yi "teflon". Eyaziwa ngokuba "kumkani weplastiki". Isakhiwo esisisiseko sePolytetrafliorooroOuthune ye-CF2 - CF2 - CF2 - CF2 - CF2 - CF2 - CF2 - CF2 - CF2 - CF2 - CF2 - CF2 - CF2 - I-Polytetrafliorooyene isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ezifuna ukumelana nee-acids, ialkalis kunye nezinyibilikisi zezinto eziphilayo. Ayityhefi ebantwini, kodwa i-perfluorooccate (PFOA), enye yezinto eziluhlaza ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yemveliso, ithathwa njengeyona ndlela inokwenzeka ye-carcinogenic. Ubunzima besihlobo se-polytetrafluorororoothyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyylene, ndisusela kumakhulu amawaka ukuya kwezigidi ezili-10, kwaye ngokubanzi izigidi (i-polymerizazazazazazation ikwi-103 kuphela yi-103 kuphela. Ngokubanzi, i-crystallies ingama-90 ukuya kwengama-95%, kunye nobushushu be-mey ngama-327 ukuya kwi-342 ° C. Iiyunithi ze-CF2 kwi-polytetraflum molecule zilungelelaniswe kwindawo ye-zigzag. Ukusukela oko i-radius ye-fluorine atom inkulu kancinci kune-hydrogen, iiyunithi ze-CF2 ze-CF2 azinakubekwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa zenza i-chain ejijekileyo, ephantse igqunywe ziiathom ze-fluorine. Kumphezulu we-polymer thein. Esi sakhiwo se-molekrea ichaza iipropathi ezahlukeneyo ze-ptfe. Xa iqondo lobushushu lingaphantsi kwe-19 ° C, kusenziwa i-HEEMA-13/6; Ngo-19 ° C, utshintsho lwesigaba lwenzeka, kwaye iimolekyuli zingenziwa kancinane, zenza i-Helix ye-15/7 ye-15/7.

8. Iipropathi zekhemikhali

Isakhiwo sekhemikhali se-polytetrafluoroothylene senziwa ngokutshintsha zonke iiathom ze-hydrogen kwi-polyethylene ngeatorine atom.

I-Athom Fiotom kwimolekyuli ye-ptfe igubungela i-CC Binds, kwaye amandla e-CF aphezulu kwaye azinzile. Ayiziswanga ngayo nayiphi na imichiza ngaphandle kwe-Alkali Metals kunye ne-Fluorine yeLifa.

I-Atom kwimolekyuli ye-ptfey ilungelelwaniso, kwaye ezo zinto zimbini kwi-CF zidityanisiwe. Akukho zi-elektroni zasimahla kwimolekyuli, kwaye yonke imolekyuli ayithathi cala. I-PTFE ineepropathi ezigqwesileyo zesidlo esihle ngenxa yokuba akukho ntlobo zegram kwisakhiwo semolekyuli, ngoko ke i-rystality yayo iphezulu kakhulu. Kuba kukho iqokobhe le-Intertorine-equkethe iqokobhe elingaphandle kweemolekyuli ze-ptfe, ineepropathi ezingeyonto ingenamanzi kunye nengqumbo ephantsi.

1. Ukufakwa: Ayichaphazelekanga yindawo engqongileyo kunye nokuhlala rhoqo, ukuchasana kwevolumu kungafikelela kwi-1018 OHM CM, ilahleko ye-Delector incinci, kwaye uxinzelelo loqhekeko luphezulu.

2. Ukuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphakathi

3. Ukuzithambisa: Ineyona nto incinci ilungeleleneyo phakathi kweeplasitiki kwaye yindawo efanelekileyo yokuthambisa ioyile.

4. Umphezulu ongenakuthintelwa: Akukho nto iqinileyo eyaziwayo inokubambelela kumphezulu. Sisixhobo esomeleleyo ngawona mandla sincinci.

5. Ukunganyangeki gadalala nge-tulospic, ukungcungcutheka kwe-radiation kunye nokungakhathali okuphantsi: umphezulu kunye nentsebenzo ihlala ingaguqukanga emva kokuvezwa kwexesha elide.

6. Ukungavumiswanga: Isalathiso seoksijini sesalathiso singaphantsi kwama-90.

7. Ukunganyangeki kweKhemikhali kunye nokungaxhathisi kwemozulu: Ngaphandle kwentsimbi ye-Alkali Alkali, i-ptfe phantse ayinakwenziwa nakuphi na ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali. Umzekelo, xa ubilisiwe kwi-sulfuric acid, i-nitric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, okanye i-Aqua Graia, ubunzima bayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo kuhlala kungaguqukanga. Kukwaphantse kuphantse ukutyholwa kuyo yonke imitha, kwaye inyibilikiswe nje kuphela kuyo yonke i-Alkanes ngaphezulu kwe-300 ° C (malunga ne-0.1g / 100g). I-ptfe ayifumani umswakama, ayinakutsha, kwaye uzinzile kakhulu kwioksijini kunye ne-ultraviolet rays, ngoko ke inesimo sezulu esihle kakhulu.

Nangona icocekile le-carbon-carbon bonds kunye ne-carbon-fluorine i-perfluorocarbons ifuna ukuvelisa i-114.38KJ / i-Tol ye-Tetrafluone ifuna i-171.3kj yamandla. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lokuqhekeza kobushushu obuphakathi, iPolytetrafluoroOyyyyyyyyyyyyyyylene ikakhulu ibe yiTetrafluororororororororororororoothylene. IRhafu yokuLawula imilinganiselo Ingabonwa ukuba i-ptfe ingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide kwi-260 ℃. Kuba ityhefu enetyhefu kakhulu njenge-fluorophosgene kunye ne-perfluobylene iveliswa kukhuseleko lobushushu, kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-Polytetraflorofloothylene ukusuka kunxibelelwano lwelangatye.

Ayinyibili iqondo lokushisa elingama-250 ° ° kwaye alibandakanyi kubushushu be-ultra ephantsi ye-260 ° C. I-PTFO igudileyo kakhulu, kwanomkhenkce akukho nto ithelekiswa nayo; Iipropathi zayo zokufakelwa zilungile kakhulu, ifilimu njengamaphephandaba yanele ukumelana ne-1500V ephezulu.

9. Iipropathi zomzimba

I-ptfe ithambile ngoomatshini. Inamandla aphantsi kakhulu.

I-Polytetraflioroothyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyeyyyyeyyyyeyyyyeyyyyeyyyeyyyeyyen (F4, PTFE. Ukuchasana nokunganyangekiyo - Ukunganyangeki kwi-Aqua Graia kunye nazo zonke izinyibilikisi eziphilayo; Ukuchasana kweMozulu-olona hlobo luphelileyo lubomi obuqhelekileyo kwiiplasitiki; I-Librication ephezulu-inasona sincinci sine-suctions Ukunganamatheli-unawo owona mthwalo mncinci ongaphantsi kwezinto eziqinileyo ngaphandle kokubambelela kwinto; ukungabinatyhefu-une-interotical yemzimba; iipropathi ezibalaseleyo zombane, izixhobo zokuchonga izixhobo ze-C-disktings. Izinto ze-PTFE zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumacandelo abalulekileyo anjengezokhuseleko kuzwelonke, amandla e-Atomic, iPetroleum, unomatshini, oomatshini boMoya, kunye nemizi-mveliso yemichiza.

10. Iimveliso zePolytetrafluoroOsilenene

Iintonga ze-ptfe, imibhobho, iipleyiti, iiplate. I-ptfe yi-polymer yeTetrafluorororoothyncyyyyyyychoyyyyeon. Isishwankathelo sesiNgesi siPtfe. Ifomula yesakhiwo. Yafunyanwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1930 kwaye yafaka imveliso yezamashishini nge-1940s. Iipropathi: Ubunzima bemolekyuli be-polytetrafluorororooyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyctuoroonene, ndisusela kumakhulu amawaka ukuya kwizigidi ezili-10, kwaye uninzi lwezigidi ze-104, ngelixa i-Polythylene yi-103 kuphela. Ngokubanzi, i-crystallies ingama-90 ukuya kwengama-95%, kunye nobushushu be-mey ngama-327 ukuya kwi-342 ° C. Iiyunithi ze-CF2 kwi-polytetraflum molecule zilungelelaniswe kwindawo ye-zigzag. Ukusukela oko i-radius ye-fluorine atom inkulu kancinci kune-hydrogen, iiyunithi ze-CF2 ze-CF2 azinakubekwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa zenza i-chain ejijekileyo, ephantse igqunywe ziiathom ze-fluorine. Kumphezulu we-polymer thein. Esi sakhiwo se-molekrea ichaza iipropathi ezahlukeneyo ze-ptfe. Xa iqondo lobushushu lingaphantsi kwe-19 ° C, kusenziwa i-HEEMA-13/6; Ngo-19 ° C, utshintsho lwesigaba lwenzeka, kwaye iimolekyuli zingenziwa kancinane, zenza i-Helix ye-15/7 ye-15/7.

1. Iipropathi zoomatshini: I-coultions yayo yokusebenza incinci kakhulu, i-1/5 kuphela ye-polythylene, eyinto ebalulekileyo ye-perfluocarbon. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba umkhosi wama-Intermoecular phakathi kwe-fluorine kunye neekhabhoni zekharbon kuphantsi kakhulu, i-ptfe ayinamathela.

2. Iipropathi zombane: I-PTFE inomgangatho ophantsi wedywirtrid kunye ne-diectric ilahleko kububanzi obuxhaphakileyo, kwaye ineeflimu eziphakamileyo zokuqhekezwa, ukungqubana kwevolomu, ukungqubana kwe-arc kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-ArC.

3. Ukunganyangeki kwe-radiation: Ukunganyangeki kwe-ralytetrafluorobene ayilunganga (i-104 rad). Iya kuhlanjwa emva kokuba ivezwe kwimitha enkulu yamandla, kwaye iipropathi zombane nezinomatshini zepolymer ziya kuncitshiswa kakhulu.

4. Polymerization: Polytetrafluoroethylene is produced by free radical polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene. Impendulo ye-polymerization ye-polymerizazazation yenziwa ngokuvuselela ubukho besixa esikhulu samanzi ukusasaza ubushushu bendlela yokuphendula kunye nokwenza lula ulawulo lobushushu. I-Polymerizazation iqhutywa ngokubanzi nge-40 ukuya kwi-80 ° C kunye noxinzelelo lwe-3 ukuya kwi-26 kgf / cm2. Ukuphangiswa kwe-inrganic kunye neperoxides ye-organic kunokusetyenziswa njengababhalisi, okanye inkqubo yokuqalisa i-Revox inokusetyenziswa. Imole nganye ye-tetrafluororootheene ikhupha ubushushu be-171.38KJ ngexesha lePolymerization. Ukusasazwa kwePolylization kufuna ukongezwa kwe-surfluacin ye-perfluorince, njenge-perfluocrooccaic acid okanye iityuwa zayo.

5. Ukwandiswa kwe-Cough (25 ~ 250 ℃): 10 ~ 12-5 / ℃. I-ptfe igcina iipropathi ezintle zoomatshini kuluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu ngokubanzi lwe-10 ° C. Enye yeempawu ze-perfluorocarbon polymers kukuba azingobushushu obuphantsi.