Ulwakhiwo kunye neepropathi zePolythylene

I-Polythylene (Polythylene, ekubhekiswa kuyo njengoko i-PE) i-thermoplastic iveliswe yiPolymene Monomer of Ethylene Monomer. Kwishishini, kubandakanya i-ithylene kunye nenani elincinci le-a-olefin copolymers. I-Polythylene Onety, engenabungozi, ivakalelwa ngathi yi-wax, kunye nokuchasana nobushushu obufanelekileyo Uzinzo lweekhemikhali, kuba imolekyuli ye-polymer nge-carbon-uqhagamshelo lwe-carbon umatshini woqhawulo-mtshato kunye ne-Alkali erosion (enganyangeki kwi-Acidical ye-Acid). I-insollines kwimithafolonti emi-inflinent kubushushu begumbi, ukufungelwa kwamanzi asezantsi, ukufakelwa kombane.

Ulwakhiwo kunye neepropathi zePolythylene

1. Ulwakhiwo lwePolythylene

Ifomula ngokubanzi yesakhiwo sohlobo ngalunye lwe-polythylene (PE) linokubonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Ukuqulunqwa kwayo ziiatom ezimbini kuphela zekhabhoni kunye ne-hydrogen, kwaye inesakhiwo esilula kunye ne-chain encinci ye-chain ye-polymer carbon kunye ne-hydrogen. Yinto eninzi i-paraffin wax yesahluko esinesifo semolekyuli, okt, i-fan-chan-chain ye-polymer. Ngenxa ye-molemer ye-molemer ye-molem ye-molecle ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ke iyunithi ye-Pepel kwi-molecular chain ye-chain ye-BOURS inye kuphela. I-CC ye-CC, i-Bond yefu, i-elektroni yelifu inesiphatho esincinci kwindawo ye-carbon ye-carbon chain, isidanga sangaphakathi siphantsi kakhulu, izithintelo zangaphakathi zingaphezulu , kwaye inani lemijikelo enokubakho inkulu.

I-van der yawadalwa ngamandla kunye ne-hydrogen yomkhosi wokunxibelelana ne-Pesmolecular ye-PE incinci, amandla okudibana yi-260j / cm2, i-macromolecule ithambile kwaye i-MAcromoleks ingaphantsi kwe-293 J / CM3 ihlala isetyenziswa Njengerabha, kuphela i-PE yinto engaphandle, eyeya kwi-macromolecle ye-zurmolecule.

I-Pec Moctions i-Phemicals kunye ne-Polythylene (i-LDDP) ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo ze-polymerizaration, kukho i-polythylene ephezulu (i-HDPE), i-Polythylene ephantsi (i-HDP), i-Polythylene ephantsi, i-chain ephambili inamaqela ahlukeneyo amaqela ahlukeneyo, kwaye nenani elincinci leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeBonds ezimbini, kusekho inani elithile leqela le-carbonyl kunye neqela le-ether kwi-ldpe. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zedosi kwinani lamasebe ngolungelelwano lwe-LDPE> I-HDPE kuphela amasebe ambalwa ambalwa, iSebe leMacromolecules, amakhonkco e-macromolecular ayixhunyiwe kwibhondi, ethambile ne-elastiki; LDPE is a long, short branched linear macromolecules, branched so that the distance between the molecular chain increases, the macromolecules stacked loose, low density, low crystallinity, low density, low crystallinity. I-ldpe yi-macromolecule emide kunye ne-rannited enamagqabi, amakhonkco avuthayo ayonyusa umgama phakathi kwamakhonkco e-macromolecular, i-macromolecus iphantsi, kwaye iphantsi kakhulu, amandla kunye Ukumelana nobushushu be-ldpe iphantsi.

Uqwalaselo lwePolythylene Molecule (ilungiselelo lejometri le-atom okanye amaqela kwisithuba se-macromolecule esimiselwe nge-Free State, kwaye senziwa emva kokululwa ngamandla angaphandle I-Bond yi-0.154 NM, i-body yengqokelela iyi-109.3 ° kunye ne-pitch yamazinyo yi-0.253 NM.

I-crystallies yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zePolythylene yahlukile, ldpe imalunga ne-65%, i-HDPE imalunga ne-80% ~ 90%, i-PlPE imalunga ne-65% yeepesenti ezingama-75%. Ngokwanda kwe-crystallies, ukuxinana, ubuqili, ubunzima kunye namandla eemveliso ze-PE kuphuculwe, kodwa iipropathi zayo ziyahla. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zePolithylene ayisiyiyo kuphela i-crystallinity, ifom ye-crystallization kunye neeparamitha zekristali azifani.

Ifom ye-crystalline ye-polythylene ibandakanya ikristali ye-spherical kunye nekristale enye. Eyayisakuba yafunyanwa emva kokunyibilika kwe-polyethylene, okt, i-Crystalline Agegregates ifunyenwe ngokukhula kwe-nuclei isasazeke kuwo onke umkhombandlela; Le yokugqibela ifunyanwa ngokupholisa izisombululo ze-dilute ze-polythylene. Itheyibhile 1-2 ibonisa i-crystallies ye-PE efunyenwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuxinana kwe-PE kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-crystallity xc, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwezi zinto zimbini zezi:

phi umvuzo olinganayo wesampulu; D1 kwaye d2 zizinto ezixineneyo zekristali ephethwe ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-Pe Ngokubanzi, ukuxinana kwesigaba se-crystalline ye-Pe yi-1.014 g / cm3 kunye nokuxinana kwesigaba se-Amorphous yi-0.84 g / cm3 nge-25 ℃.

Lo mgaqo uthatha ukuba izinto ezixineneyo ze-crystalline kunye ne-amorphous isigaba se-crymer of i-crymer (okt. Ngapha koko, akunakwenzeka ukuba nayiphi na i-PE ibe yi-100% ye-crystalline okanye i-amorphous epheleleyo.

Isininzi se-molecular se-pet sihlala sichazwa ngumgangatho wayo we-polymerizazazazamizo (umfanekiso), ubunzima bomzimba wesimo semolekyuli (umfanekiso), kunye nokusasazwa kwe-molecular ubunzima bemolekyuli evezwe yi-curve yokuhambisa kunye nesalathiso soMgangatho oJobelweyo (umfanekiso). I-MALERY MISHIT MALERAN MoLERUNT YE-PE kunye nokuHanjiswa kwazo kunefuthe elifanayo kwi-Pentral kunye nenqanaba lokungangqinelani. Ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-polymerizazazazation kunye neemeko zokusebenza, ubunzima bemolekyuli yemolekyuli bungahluka kuluhlu olubanzi, olunjengokusuka kubunzima bemolekyuli ebalulekileyo ye-10,000 ukuya kumashumi amawaka, amakhulu amawaka, okanye izigidi. Ukuhanjiswa kwesininzi semolekyuli nayo kuyahluka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ze-polymermerment, ngakumbi kwi-Per-cinezela ye-Parrier Wiegrst, isalathisi semolekyuli semolekyuli sinokungaphezulu kakhulu. Isininzi semolekyuli ye-PE ye-PE i-40,000 ~ 120,000, kwaye ye-Uhmwpe yi-1,000 000-4,000,000,000. Ukuphakama kwesisindo semolekyuli, okungcono kweepropathi zoomatshini, njengamandla e-thenriff, ipropathi yobushushu obuphantsi, ukuxhathisa ubushushu bendalo, ukumelana nokusebenza kwendalo.

Ukongeza kule paramitha ingentla, ubungakanani be-molecule bunokubonakaliswa yireyithi yokuqesha (i-MFR) yokulinganisa ubungakanani be-molecular mass mass mass mass ubunzima, i-MFR ye-MALERURE, I-DEATE YOKUGQIBELA IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA. I-LDP, i-MFR ingama-20 ~ 50 imiz, i-HDPE 4 ~ 15 g / 10 imiz, kunye ne-LDPE 3 ~ 10 imiz.

I-LDPE, i-MFR kunye nenombolo ye-molecular ye-molecular ye-molecular ye-molecular yeyobudlelwane obulandelayo:

Ubungakanani bobunzima bemolekyuli kunye nokusasazeka kwayo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kwePlastiki, olu lwalamano lungentla lubonisa nje isiphumo sobukhulu be-polymer moleky, kuba inqanaba le-MFR lingumzimba Ubungakanani obuphawula ubungakanani bokunyibilika, nto leyo ingumlinganiso wolwelo oluthile, kwaye kukho oku kubudlelwane obulandelayo obulandelayo phakathi kwe-MFR kunye ne-vict ebonakalayo (η) ye-valt:

I-HDPE ngenxa ye-MFR esezantsi, ngaphezulu kuno-viscofity (umlinganiso wesihlobo se-molecular esivakalayo). I-DESMEDIDERED PED eTetrahydronaphthafne okanye iDecahyDDronaphthafne, iqhekeza layo elininzi kwisisombululo [η ']

apho η0 luhlobo lwe-solvent, i-pa-s.

I-MFR ayibonisi i-molecular yesihlobo semolekyuli, enyanisweni, i-Molecular Molecular Mass ineempembelelo ezinkulu kulwelo lwayo, njengezisasazi ezisasazekileyo zemolekyuli, inyibiliki yolwahlulo lwe-molecular ilingana nayo iplastiki yesalamane se-molecular se-molecular se-pe. Kwi-PE ngesihlobo esilinganayo semolekyuli, i-PE ngosasazo olubanzi lunentyatyambo engcono. Ukongeza, ukuxinana kwe-PE kukonempembelelo enkulu kwi-viscomosity ye-viscosity ye-vism, ukungcungcutheka okuncinci, i-viscosity incinci. Ke ngoko, ukunyibilikisa i-MFR ye-MFR ayifanelekanga ekuvavanyeni isixokelelwane semolekyuli ye-PE ngoxinzelelo olwahlukileyo. Ngamafutshane, isixa semolekyuli esincinci, ububanzi be-LDPE ithandeka kulwelo, kodwa uninzi lwezinto zokusetyenziswa, ngakumbi iipropathi zoomatshini, zininzi kakhulu ze-PE kunye nokusasazeka kwayo kunye nezinye iiparamitha ze I-PE iyafana ne-PE sisixhobo esibalulekileyo esichaphazela intsebenzo yokugqibela ye-PE.