Iplastiki, ehlelwe ngeqondo lokushisa ixesha elide, linokwahlula-hlula-hlula-hlula ii-plastics, iiplasitiki zobunjineli, iiplastiki eziphezulu, apho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akwaziwa ngokuba ziiplasitiki ezixhaphakileyo, iplasitiki eziphezulu, iiplasitiki ezikhulu kwaye nangokunjalo.
Iiplasitiki ngokubanzi ziiplastiki ezisetyenziselwa ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kune-100 ye-OC; Iiplasitiki ezintlanu ezikhulu zibandakanya i-polyethylene (Polythylene, i-PE), iPolypropylene, i-Polyvoppyl Chloride (i-Polyvingl), i-POLYVYLE-STYNEne-Styrenene Zineepropathi zoomatshini abaphantsi kodwa zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekupakishweni, izixhobo zasekhaya kunye nemizi-mveliso yokwakha ngenxa yoluhlu lwabo lwezicelo kunye neepropathi ezifanelekileyo zokulungisa.
Iiplasitiki zobunjineli, ziiplasitiki ezisetyenziselwa ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu asusela kwi-100 oc ukuya kwi-150 OC; Iiplasitiki ezintlanu zobunjineli ezibandakanya i-polycarbonate (Polycarbonate, PC), POLOXYTHTHTH: POLYBYTETHTHle, POLYBONECLETETHINE, POLYEBTE (POLYOSTE I-Polyamide, pa) kunye nePolyphenylene oxide (PPO); Banazo iipropathi ezintle zokungasebenzi, ukuxhathisa kweekhemikhali kunye nokuchasana kwe-abrasion, ngokongezwa kwezimolweni, kunokuphucula izixhobo, ngokulula ukuqhubekisa iiplasitiki zobunjineli zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-AutoMotive, i-Electronics kunye nemizi-mveliso yomatshini.
I-plastics ephezulu yobushushu, ziiplastiki ezinokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-150 OC; Banepropathi emininzi ebalaseleyo enokuthi ibonakaliswe kuphela kubushushu obuphezulu, kuquka iipropathi ezilungileyo zoomatshini kunye nokungavisisani kwemichiza, kodwa kukunganyangeki kwemitha, kunye nokubuyiswa kombane; ngokuguqulwa, uzinzo lozinzo kunye nokungqongqo kwezinto ezibonakalayo kunokuphuculwa ngelixa kuphuculwa iipropathi zefonti kunye nokulungelelanisa ukuqhubela kombane; Emkhosini, i-avspace, i-aerospace, amashishini e-automotive kunye negesi, ukutshintsha iintsimbi zemveli kunye ne-ceramics, i-ceramics, ukuba nenye yeemveliso zeplastiki ezikhula ngokukhawuleza.
1. I-Bridaking yePlastanti yobunjineli ukuya kwi-prestics yeqondo lobushushu - i-PPA, para
I-Promatides Polyamides ibandakanya i-Polyamide yasePromatide (Polyphthalamide, i-PPA) kunye ne-pullamatide ye-pullamamide ngokupheleleyo (iPolysaralam). Ngokwazisa nge-sumi-ivumba le-chain evuthayo enamakhonkco e-Benglene kwi-chain ephambili yemolekyuli ye-Aliific, iipropathi zoomatshini, ukumelana nobushushu, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu, kunye nokungazibi kobushushu, kunye nokungazibi kobushushu, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu, kunye nokungazibi kobushushu, kunye nokungazibi kobushushu, kunye nokungazibi kobushushu, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu kwe-PA PARTE.
Ababoneleli abaphambili be-PPA yi-BASF, iDUPE, i-DSM, i-endonik, i-puraray, i-PPAIC, i-PAPORT, i-PAPON THELT ® njengomzekelo , bonisa kwaye uthelekise iipropathi ze-PA6, i-PA66 ne-PPA. I-PPA, apho i-PPA yi-PPA6T / i-hexmeTHledine + i methylglbuline + terephyhamic acid).
Abathengisi abaziintloko be-parant, kolon, uSolvay, Teijin noTalhofthalamide (Polyophthaloyl isomex) kunye ne-Tolisophthalamide (iphepha lemveliso ephambili) ), amashiti kunye neentsinga; Ayinandawo yokunyibilika kwaye iqala ukubola nge-370 ye-OC okanye ngaphezulu; Inamandla okuphezulu, kwaye iipropathi zayo zinokuthelekiswa ne-PA6, i-PA66 ne-PPA. Yaqala ukubola; amandla aphezulu kaDirectority, unokumelana nexesha elifutshane lama-40 kv / mm; Iphepha elihle lobuchule (i-1.5 mm irhabaxa, amandla e-thensile ye-1800 N / cm, i-elongwation kwikhefu 8.0%); Kwi-220 OC inokusetyenziswa ixesha elide ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi; Ukunganyangeki kweKhemikhali yeKhemikhali, ukungavisisaniswa ngokungakhathali kunye nelangatye; ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukufakelwa kombane (umzekelo, abaguquli) kunye nelangatye, njl njl .. Akukho nqaku linyibilikisiweyo, i-427 OC ngaphezulu kokuqala kokubola; amandla aphezulu, umodyuli ophezulu kunye nobunzima (amandla e-firn thensile ye-3.6 GPA, umodokoguli we-GPA we-130 ye-GPA, i-gepa, i-elongwation ekhefu 3%); Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kweqondo lobushushu le-180 OC; ikakhulu isetyenziswa njengemicuba eqinileyo kunye nokuqinisa izixhobo, ezisetyenziselwa emkhosini, inqwelo moya kunye nezinye izinto zesakhiwo.
2. Imizekelo yokutshintsha intsimbi eneplastiki-PPS, i-PPS, PPE
I-polyphenyne sulfiide (PPS) yi-thermoplastic, i-semi-rictalline nge-bed-ilffir ye-celane ye-molecule. I-.ps inokusetyenziselwa ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu asusela kwi-180 ukuya kwi-220 oc ngokufumana amanzi aphantsi kunye nokuzinza okuhle. Ingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide kuluhlu lobushushu lwe-180 ukuya kwi-220 ye-OC, ngokufumana amanzi aphantsi kakhulu kunye nozinzo oluhle kakhulu. Emva kokulungiswa, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezinto ezenziwa ngendlela ye-elektroniki, zombane, kunye neshishini lokuziphatha. Itheyibhile 2, ibonisa iipropathi ze-PPs nge-celanese ye-Calranese ® njengomzekelo.
I-PolyArylerdeton (iPaek) yi-Crystatalline, i-thermoplastic, ikakhulu kubandakanya iPolyetherketone (Pek), iPolyngunetonetone (Pekk), njalo njalo. I-Pkk), njl. Njl. Isakhiwo sePaeek Molecular siqulathe i-Bengne Criaring, kunye neempawu ezintle zoomatshini, ukuhanjiswa kombane kunye nokuxhathisa imichiza; I-Ether Bing kwaye ukuze ikwazi ukuguquguquka, kwaye inokubumba ngendlela yokulungisa i-thermoplastic. Ababoneleli abaphambili bePaeek yiplastiki ye-Akro-iplastiki, e-Celane, e-Evomik, iso Solvay kunye nokuBopha. Itheyibhile 3, umzekelo, ibonisa iipropathi ze-peek kwindidi. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba i-Peek ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwiingcingo ze-3D kunye nemigudu, ezifumanekayo kubathengisi abanjenge-lehvoss, iikhonsepthi eziqinileyo kunye nabanye.
I-Polymimide (PI) i-polymer enendawo yokuyila (-C-NH-QH-)) kwi-chain enkulu, kubandakanya i-aliphic, ivumba le-alittic, i-amomaticic pietic, esekwe kwi-thermoplas kunye nethenda. I-PI ayinayo inqaku eliyintloko lokunyibilika, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400 ye-OC, izinto eziphezulu zokuthambisa; Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwicandelo le-Aerospace, i-microspaceronics, i-nano, i-stostal yolwelo, i-membrane ye-membranes, i-leser, njl njl. Iifom zemveliso eziphambili ze-PI ziifilimu, imicu, i-foams kunye ne-resins. 3E, i-Arakawa, Dupont, i-Kanye, i-Taimide, njl. I-231 MPA kunye ne-139 MPA kwi-23oC ne-200 ye-OC, kunye ne-MODINOMODS i-2.5 GPA, ibonisa i-4,9 i-GPA, ibonisa i-GI i-SPIS enokuthi isetyenziselwe inaliti, isebenzisa i-mitsui's I-Aurum ® njengomzekelo.
Phakathi kwamadlala amaqondo aphezulu, i-polyoisides (PI) iphezulu kwipiramidi ngokwemilinganiselo yobushushu yobushushu. I-polyorides iveliswa yi-polymerization ye-Dianhyrides kunye neDiamines, kwaye ngokwazisa ngakumbi i-Ether kunye ne-Amide Bight kwi-chain enkulu, i-polyeether-meide (i-Peli) inokufumaneka, ngokulandelelana. Ukungabikho kwezorhwebo kwi-Polymoplastic Polyimides, i-PI, i-Pei kunye ne-Pie ifanelwe yi-Mitsui's Aurum®, i-Ultem ® kunye neTorlon® Itheyibhile yesi-5 ibonisa ubume obusisiseko beemveliso kwabathathu. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-Ultem ye-Ultem® ye-PEI sele iqalile ukuba isetyenziswe kwimihlaba ye-strats '3D yokuprinta (iltem® 9085). Kwisishwankathelo, i-polyomides iyafumaneka kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ngokubanzi, ukusukela kwiifilimu, imicu, iintambo, iingubo, kunye neziqulatho, kwaye zinokukhethwa kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo.
Kumagumbi aphezulu obushushu, kukho iklasi yezixhobo ze-amorphous kunye ne-ASTM D1003), ezibonakalayo (eziguquguqukayo (eziguquguqukayo), kwaye zinobushushu obuphezulu obunganyangekiyo xa kuthelekiswa Ukuya kwiPlastiki eQhelekileyo, i-PS, PC kunye ne-PMMA, ekwaziyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo ngakumbi zezinto zobushushu obuphakamileyo kwiglasi yeglasi.
3. Imizekelo yePlastiki endaweni yeglasi - i-PSU, Pesu, Ppsu, Par
I-Polysulfone (i-PSU okanye i-PSF) yiklasi ye-thermoplastic resitisting-*- kwikhonkco eliphambili, i-Amorphous. Zintathu iintlobo eziphambili zePolysulfone, i-bisphenol eqhelekileyo ye-PUSU, i-PesuSulfone (Pesu) kunye nePolyrySfone (PPSU), iifomula zezithathu zibonisiwe kumzobo ongezantsi. Iqondo lobushushu le-Polysulfone lingafikelela kwi-180 OC, ukumelana nobushushu bexesha elifutshane kungafikelela kwi-220 ye-OC, ngozinzo olufanelekileyo, i-inshurensi yombane, i-elektroly kunye nombane, ikhaya (ikhaya) Namanye amasimi, ngakumbi ezinye iindawo ezibonakalayo, yinto elungileyo yentsimbi, iglasi kunye ne-ceramics.
Okwangoku, abathengisi abaziintloko zePolysulfone yi-basf, i-SABIC, SOSVAY, SISITOOM, njalo njalo. Itheyibhile 6 ibonisa iipropathi ze-PSU, i-Pesu, kunye ne-PPSU esebenzisa i-basrason ye-Astran ® njengomzekelo. Zontathu zinokuqiniswa ngakumbi ngeentsinga zeglasi kunye neentsinga zekhabhoni kwaye zalungiswa ngokuthi zinenaliti.
I-Polyrylate (Par) yindawo ye-polyaryl ene-thermorl enamakhonkco e-Benzene kunye ne-Esterm Bonds kwi-chain ephambili, kwaye i-Amorphous.Par ihamba kakuhle, ilangatye lemozulu, kunye nelangatye Iipropathi ezihlawulelweyo, kwaye zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizixhobo ezichanekileyo, iimoto, ukutyeba, ukutya, kunye neemfuno zemihla ngemihla.a i-Polymer ye-U-Polymer ®, i-bisphenol i-vissin. I-Polymer®, umkhweli we-bisphenol a kunye ne-terefeflic kunye ne-isofthalic acid. Itheyibhile 7 ibonisa ezinye zeepropathi ze-U-Polymer, kwaye kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ubunzima be-parti butyhefu kakhulu kunezo zeplasitiki zePolysulfone.
4. IPlastics ekhethekileyo (Fluoroplastics) - i-PVDF, PTFE, PCTF, njl .
I-Fluooroplastics ziiPolialkanes apho ezinye okanye zonke ii-atom ze-hydrogen zitshintshwe ziiathom ze-fluorine. I-faooroplarics ezintandathu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-Polytetraflicluothylene (PTFE), TTFROFLUORO YELELCKY viny y Vinyl Ether Copolymer (PFAVC). , Fep, i-ithraro-tiorollyylene Copolymer (i-Ethylene-Tatoro-E-Fluoro-Ethylene, Etfe), i-etfene, i-etfene, i-polyvinylinylidene slooride (I-pctef).
Ngokubanzi, i-fluoroplastics inengxaki yokunyanzelwa okuphezulu, i-subres ephakamileyo nephantsi kweqondo lobushushu, i-ofisi efanelekileyo ye-faction, i-ofisi entle, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimichiza, ye-elektroniki, oomatshini, ulwakhiwo, amayeza, amanye amabala emizi-mveliso. Ipropathi ephambili yezihloko ezintandathu ezibonisiweyo ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 9, ye-ptfe melt viscosity inkulu kakhulu ukuba ingasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuxhuzulwa yinja; I-PFA, i-TAP, ETFI, i-PVDF kunye ne-PCTTEF zinendlela yokusebenza engcono kwaye zinokubunjwa yintsholongwane, ukuphuma kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Okwangoku, abathengisi abaziintloko ze-fluoroplastics yi-3m, i-chemours (ngaphambili i-DAKINE FLOORORORORORORORVAROPICS), i-DAKIN, i-SOLDAY, i-SOLDAY, iifilimu, iifilimu, njl. Njl. Njenge-PFA, i-fep, etfe, pvdf kunye ne-PCTEF, ayilungelanga inaliti. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ezinye zeFluoroplastics, ezinjenge-PVDF, zinemiqobo ekhethekileyo efana ne-piezoectrity yezicelo ezitsha ze-lithium e-lithium kwiibhetri, iSemicondors kunye namanye amashishini.
Ngamafutshane, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu aquka ikakhulu i-pullamide (i-PPA, i-para), i-Polysunyne Sulfide (Polylene), Polysullene (Polysullene (PPSU), ulwelo), ulwelo I-crystal polymer (LCP) kunye nePlastiki ye-fluorine, njl. Ukunganyangeki, njl njl, kwaye intsebenzo inokuphuculwa ngakumbi ngokutshintsha. Ezi trosti zeqondo lokushishina zinezibonelelo zabo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, kwi-aerospace, i-automaki, iplastiki endaweni yentsimbi, ifuna ukhetho lwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye noyilo lwemveliso Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo.
