I-polymers eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo zonyango
I-1, i-Pelythylene (PE) i-polythylene yeyona isetyenziswayo iplastiki esetyenziswayo kwizixhobo zonyango. Ukungabikho kwawo, ukuguquguquka, ukuqina, ukufikeleleka kunye nokukhululeka kokwenza kube kwenzeke kakuhle: - iinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi, izixhobo ze-IV, izixhobo ze-iv, itreyini, njl njl. I-HDPE) kunye ne-Ultra-high Molele Polythylene (Uhmpe) yamabakala.
I-2, i-Polypropylene (PP) i-Polypropylene ixatyisiwe ngenxa yokunganyangeki kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuxinana okuphezulu, ukunganyangeki kwamachiza kunye neendleko zoqoqosho. Ilungele: - Izirinji, ii-vials, iityhubhu zovavanyo kunye neebhegi zonyango, iifilimu zemaski ePriles- i-ofisi ye-Autoclave ye-Polyproplene, ikwasetyenziswa njengokubethwa.
I-3, i-Polyvinyl Chiride (PVC) i-PVC ifikelela ngokwemvelo, ingqongqo kwaye inokutshintshwa ngokulula. Yinto ekhethileyo yokhetho: -Izitya ezingamanzi, iingxowa zegazi kunye ne-tubing- ye-tubing-sheckegegen ye-avelysis- sheing-sheageygen-shedy-shealeysis iyongezwa kwi-pvc eguqukayo ye-pvves kunye nee-catheters. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkxalabo malunga nokukhupha iplastikizer kunye nezinto zokusingqongileyo ze-PVC.
I-4, i-polystrene (i-PS) i-polystyrene ibonakala iphile, ixhathise imichiza, kwaye ayibizi. Ihlala isetyenziswa ekwenzeni: - Izitya ze-perit kunye ne-vialssistic ye-vialcys- i-quages-thessing ye-Proys- i-Polystyrene ye-Polystyrene (i-Hips) ibonelela ngobunzima obukhulu (i-Hips) ibonelela ngobunzima obukhulu beetreyi, izitya zokuhlanza, njl.
I-5, i-Polycarbonate (PC) iPolycarbonate idibanisa ukucaca okuphezulu, uzinzo oluphezulu, ukumelana nefuthe eliphezulu kunye nokugula kwendalo. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi: -idayari kunye ne-incubators-Izixhobo zoqhaqho - izixhobo ze-Orthodontic kunye neelensi zikwasetyenziselwa izixhobo zonyango ezibonakalayo kufuneka zibambe iqokobhe elibonakalayo.
6, I-Acrylic (PMMA) POLOMETHYL Methacrylate, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Acrylic, ibonelela ngokungafihlisiyo, ukuchasana ne-UV kunye nokungavisisani kwemozulu ngeendleko eziphantsi. Isetyenziselwa: - I-Anesthesia imaski, ibanjiwe kunye nokujonga izixhobo zezonyango ze-Windows kunye ne-lenses- destoheds kunye ne-PMMAED ye-PMMA ikwathandwa kakhulu kwithambo.
I-7, i-polyacylonnikaitrrile-butadnene-styrene (ABS) ABS yinkqubo yezoqoqosho, i-thermoplastic enobunzima obufanelekileyo. Inganyangeki kakuhle kwaye kulula ukusebenza kunye ne-PC.BS isetyenziselwa: - Izindlu zonyango, iiphaluka kunye nezixhobo zephaneli zendlela ezinokufunyanwa yimitha, ubushushu obuphakathi.
I-8, i-Polyngunetone Isetyenziselwa:-I-Trauma intengiso-Izixhobo ze-Spinal Fusion-Ezinye iinkqubo zokuSebenza eziPhakamileyo-Izithuba ze-catheter
9, Polymethylpenpenene ye-Autoclave Polymethylpene (PMP) ye-PMP ye-plestalline ye-crystalline enamandla aphezulu amanqam, ubunyulu kunye nokungafihlisi. Isetyenziselwa ngokuxhaphakileyo kwiindlela zokucoca.pmp ezisetyenziselwa: -Films-I-Autoclave yeTreyitha kunye neebhokisi-ezinye izicelo ezifuna ukuphinda-phinda okanye ezinobundlongondlongo
Ezona mpawu ziphambili zeplastiki zonyango
I-Biomiticable- Ukuqinisekisa ukuba impendulo yomzimba okhuselekileyo kukukwazi ukuba nempendulo efanelekileyo yemamkeli xa isetyenziselwa injongo yalo yezonyango. Ke ngoko, iplastiki yezonyango mayibe yinto engeyiyo enetyhefu, engafikiyo okanye engeyongozi xa inxibelelana nezicubu zomntu okanye ulwelo. Ezinye zeengcinga eziphambili ze-biomatiby ye-bistics yezonyango zibandakanya: Izixhobo ze-cytotocity akufuneki zivelise iziphumo eziyityhefu kwiiseli eziphilayo. Uqhinga kunye nokukhutshelwa kufuneka kungaphantsi kwenqanaba elinobungozi. Imvakalelo-Iplasitiki ayifanele ibangele ukuphinda kwenzeke emva kokufakwa kwempahla. Iimvavanyo zemvakalelo zenziwa kusetyenziswa iimodeli zezilwanyana. Ukucaphuka kunye nokuvuvukala kwe-inflamics Oku kuvavanywa zizifundo zokucaphuka kolusu. Igazi lokungangqinelani - i-plastics yegazi kufuneka ivavanywe i-hemolysis. Ukuba ifowuni ibandakanya ukunxibelelana negazi, iplastiki akufuneki ingenele iqukubisi, i-embolism, idrophu yeseli ebomvu yegazi, njl. Njl. Kuqhutywa isifundo se-carcinogenicty yeminyaka emibini. I-Genototity-Plastics akufuneki ingonakalisi i-DNA yeSelula okanye ibangele utshintsho. Uvavanyo olufana novavanyo lovavanyo lwe-ASET luchonge i-genotoxin. Intsalela ye-Sterilizazazazazaza-Emva kokusetyenziswa, iiplasitiki akufuneki zigcine iintsalela zetyhefu. Akufuneki ukuba bakhutshwe kamva.
Ukungavumi : Ukuchasana nokulinganiswa kwezinto ezingalunganga kubhekisa kubuchule beplastiki yokwenza njengomqobo ofanelekileyo. Oku kuthintela izinto ezahlukeneyo ukuba zingafaniyo ngayo. Oku kubalulekile kwezo plasti zisetyenziswe kwi-fluid ukuphatha, kutyhila nokudlulisela izicelo. Imiba ephambili yokungaguquki: Ukungafuneki kwamanzi - ityhubhu yonyango, iingxowa zezonyango, amayeza, njl. Njl. Oku kunokuchaphazela intsebenzo kunye neempawu zesixhobo sonyango. I-fish-imaski yeoksijini, izixhobo ze-anesthesia kunye netyhubhu ye-intravenous ayifanelanga irhasi yokuzabalaza. Oku kunokukhokelela kumahluko ekugxilwe kuyo. Khetha iiplasitiki zonyango ngokulandelelana okuphantsi. Izixhobo zokungenisa izinto zokungenisa izinto zekhemikhali zixhomekeke kwiPlastikis ukuya kwi-Arhente Esebenzayo kumaxabiso alawulwayo alawulwayo. Kufuneka zingabonakali kwezinye iichemicals. Imatriki ye-Microbial-i-metric yeplasitiki kufuneka isebenze njengesithintelo kwi-Microfial yosulelo. I-microporosity ilalanisa i-sterling. I-curitine ye-lest-plastics ayinakukwazi ukuphazamisa umxholo kwizinto ezinamanzi okanye izicubu ezijikelezileyo. Izinto zeplasitiki ezinokuthiach zizongezwa, iifilitha, kunye neeplastiki. Izinto ezichaphazela ingqumbo zibandakanya ubume be-crystallity, ukudibanisa-ukudibanisa, i-polay, iifilitha, kunye nesakhiwo seemolekyuli. Ukuxinana okuphezulu kunye neplastiki enxulumene nelayibrari ibonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Ukunganyangeki kwe-Sterilize : Ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezixhobo zosulelo kunye nezixhobo zifuna ukuzibulala eziphindaphindiweyo ezibhedlele. Oku kunceda ukukhusela ukusasazeka kosulelo. Iplastiki yebanga lezonyango kufuneka ikhuphe inzame rhoqo ngobushushu, imitha, isitya kunye neekhemikhali. Akufuneki kubekho utshintsho kwimbonakalo yokuhlola, iipropathi zomzimba, okanye iipropathi zoomatshini. Ukuqwalaselwa okuphambili kubandakanya: Ukumelana nobushushu-iiplasitiki ziyamelana ne-autoclave ephindaphindiweyo okanye imijikelezo yobushushu obushushu. Bamele bazigcine iipropathi zabo nasemva kwezi nkqubo zokubulala. Imizekelo ibandakanya amandla e-thansile, ukumelana nefuthe kunye nezinye iipropathi zoomatshini. Ukunganyangeki kwe-radiation-gamma okanye imitha ye-elektroni ye-boshtroni kungakhathaza i-polymers. Oku kungenzeka kwi-Chain Supir, oxidation kunye nokunxibelelanisa umnqamlezo. Iplastiki efanelekileyo kufuneka ikwazi ukuxhathisa iidosi eziphezulu ze-sterlil. Iarhente zokuchasana nemichiza yekhemikhali yekhemikhali yekhemikhali akufuneki ibe nefuthe leziphumo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukuqhekeka, i-hydrolysis, ibopha, kunye nokudumba. I-SterIlant Abertive-Starped I-Sterilated ASTIVAT akufuneki ukuba aqengqele kwiplastiki kwaye abangele ukuba buhlungu. Iinkqubo zosulelo / zokukhupha ziyafuneka. Inkangeleko-intsholongwane akufuneki iguqule kakhulu imbonakalo yeplastiki. Umzekelo, ukucaciswa okukhethileyo, ukubonakalisa, okanye umbala, okanye ubangele ukuba tyheli / i-challeking. Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwezonyango, iiplasitiki zinokumelana nomonakalo ngexesha lokufundela okuphindaphindiweyo. Oku kunokufezekiswa phambi kobukhosi. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-antioxidants, izilo zokuzinzisa, ii-arhente zerediyo zerediyo, njl.
I-chalightweight: I-PronelickhalightWelication Plassics inceda ukunciphisa ukudinwa kunye nokuphucula i-ergonomics yeengcali kwezonyango. Bayenza le nto ngokwenza izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zibe lula ukuphatha kwaye zithwale. Kwizigulana, iiplasitiki ezikhanyayo kwiimveliso zonyango zinokunciphisa imithwalo yobunzima. Umzekelo, kwizibanzo ze-prosthetics kunye ne-spanity. Nazi ezinye izinto eziphambili: Ukuxinana okuphantsi - iplasitiki yezonyango njenge polythyene, iPolypropylene, i-Acrylic kwaye i-ABS inobuqhetseba phakathi kwe-0.85 - 1.2 g / cm3. Oku kwezantsi kuneentsimbi ezinje ngentsimbi (8 g / cm3). Amandla aphezulu kumlinganiso wobunzima-plastics zezonyango anokubekwa kwaye yenzelwe ukufezekisa amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina kwento eqinileyo kwi-Mass yabo ephantsi. Oku kuvumela imilinganiselo encitshisiweyo kunye nokugcinwa kwesisindo. Ukuphatha ngokulula - izixhobo ezenziwe ukusuka kwi-plastic fastsics ezilula ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-wrin. Zikhululekile ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezinde zonyango ezifuna ukungcungcuthekisa. QHAWUBonakaliswa - Izixhobo eziphathekayo ezinemikhono yeplastiki kunye nezindlu kulula ukuthutha kunye nokusebenzisa. Imizekelo ibandakanya izitulo ezinamavili, iliso lobugulana, njl njl. Imizekelo ibandakanya izihloko, amantshontsho kunye nezindlu. I-Prostonics yeThutho-elula inciphisa umthwalo wokuqhuba izigulana. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-prosthetics yeplastiki, i-brace kunye nokufakwa.
Ukuqina: Ukugcina intsebenzo kuzo zonke izixhobo zempilo ezenziwe ngeplastiki ukuze ugcine ukusebenza kuwo wonke umntu olindelekileyo. Oku kwenzeka ngaphandle koxinzelelo lokucoca ngeendlela ngeendlela ngeendlela, ukuphatha, ukuthutha kunye nokucocwa. Imiba ephambili ye-pileyfienti ibandakanya: Amandla e-thensle-iplasitiki esetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinomthwalo ifuna amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina. Oku kunceda ukunyamekela imikhosi yoomatshini ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokuphela okanye ukuqhekeka. Ukunganyangeki kwe-Creep - izinto zonyango ezinje ngetyhubhu yeplastiki kunye nezixhobo zezixhobo ziphantsi. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zikhathaze kakhulu. Impembelelo kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-abrasion-ubuchule obulungileyo kunye nokuxhathisa i-abrasion kunceda izinto zangaphandle. Umzekelo, izindlu zeplastiki ziyakwazi ukuzicaphukisa inkqonkqo kwaye zikrolise ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla. Ukuzinza kweplastiki-ngeplasitiki kufuneka ihlale iqinile ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kufanele ukuba kungabikho nakuphi na ukuntywila. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nezinto ezichanekileyo. Ukuxhathisa iikhemikhali - i-plastics yezonyango kufuneka inyange iarhente yokucoca, iintsholongwane kunye nolwelo lomzimba. Akufuneki baphule okanye bandise / banciphise kakhulu. Khetha iiplasitiki zebanga lokunganyangeki kakuhle. I-UV / Imozulu yokunganyangeki-Izixhobo zeplastiki kufuneka zigcine ukusebenza kwanaxa zibonakalisiwe ngaphandle. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukukhanya, umswakama, kunye nezinye iimeko zokusingqongileyo ngexesha lokugcina nokusetyenziswa. Khetha iiplasitiki zeBanga loNyango olunesimo sezulu esihle.
